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High levels of calcium in the blood is known as hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia often goes unnoticed as it often only appears in blood tests. Most commonly, hypercalcemia can be traced back to one of two causes. The first cause is primary hyperparathyroidism, which occurs when there is an abnormal growth on one of the parathyroid glands. When this happens, the parathyroid glands release too much parathyroid hormone. Since the hormone acts on the bones to raise the calcium level in the blood, there tends to be higher risks of osteoporosis and kidney stones associated with this condition. This condition is something that is often found in outpatient populations and can sometimes be asymptomatic in its mild forms.
The second, and more severe form of hypercalcemia is malignancy associated hypercalcemia. In this form of hypercalcemia, cancers may produce substances that may resemble the parathyroid hormone. Furthermore, cancer metastasis can weaken the bones and release high concentrations of calcium in to the blood. This type of hypercalcemia is more common among hospitalized patients.
In addition to the above two causes, there are other situations that can lead to increased calcium concentration in the blood. For example, excessive intake of vitamin D has been linked to this condition. This is due to the fact that vitamin D enhances calcium absorption from the intestines. Certain medications can also affect one’s calcium levels; for example, some medications such as thiazides, as well as vitamin A have been linked to decreased calcium elimination. Granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis increase calcium absorption since vitamin D is activated in the inflamed tissues. Another possible cause for increased calcium concentration is prolonged immobility.
Mild hypercalcemia is usually asymptomatic; however, the severity of hypercalcemia increases, people may experience constant thirst, urge to urinate, constipation, tiredness and muscle weakness. Severe hypercalcemia is an emergency condition that can lead to confusion, organ damage and coma.
If your tests reveal high calcium levels, it does not mean that you simply have high calcium levels due to the food you eat. There is a need for further testing to measure the concentration of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and so on in order to figure out the reason for hypercalcemia. It is important to monitor your mineral balance regularly.
